Musi waChivabvu 23, 2025, State Council Executive Meeting yakarangana ikatora iyo Manufacturing Industry Green uye Yakaderera-Carbon Development Action Plan (2025-2027)(inozonzi "Action Plan"). Musangano uyu wakatumira chiratidzo chakajeka chekuti kugadzirwa kwegirinhi nepasi{6}kabhoni yeindasitiri yekugadzira zvinhu chinhu chakakosha pakushandisa zvizere huzivi hutsva hwebudiriro, uye chinhu chikuru chinosimudzira kusimudzira upfumi hwepamusoro{{9}. Kugamuchirwa kwegwaro rakakosha iri kwasundidzira "kugadzirwa kwegirinhi" pamberi peshanduko yemaindasitiri. Rwendo rwekubva pakuva "manufacturing powerhouses" kuenda ku"manufacturing superpower"{10}shanduko itsva yeindasitiri ine budiriro yakasvibira sehwaro hwayo-iri kuumba patsva remangwana rehupfumi hweChina.
I. Policy Background: China Inotungamira Global Green Revolution
Seyo chete nyika pasi rose yakasimudza "ecological budiriro yekuvaka" kuhurongwa hwenyika, China, ichitungamirwa nemisimboti yebudiriro yezvipenyu, inoona nharaunda yakanaka yezvakatipoteredza seyakanyanya kuenzana kunaka kweveruzhinji uye nzira inosanganisirwa yerubatsiro rweveruzhinji. Vavariro ndeyokuva nechokwadi chokuti vanhu vanowana pfungwa huru yokugutsikana, mufaro, uye chengeteko kubva mumhoteredzo yakanaka yezvipenyu. Chine chinangwa chekurongera budiriro yazvino pamwe nekugara zvakanaka-kwezvizvarwa zvinotevera, kuve nechokwadi kuti nyika yeChina nebudiriro yakamira sei, uye kuvaka budiriro yemazuva ano umo vanhu nezvisikwa zviri kunyatsoenderana. Nekudzika kwekutonga kwemamiriro ekunze pasi rose, kushanduka kwegirinhi nekushomeka kweindasitiri yekugadzira zvinhu kuChina hakusi kudiwa chete kwekusimudzira budiriro yezvakatipoteredza asi kunodawo kusimudzira budiriro yezvakatipoteredza. Senyika huru yekugadzira pasi rose, China inotakura mabasa akakosha ekusimudzira shanduko yegirinhi pasi rose. Kuburikidza nekugadzira zvinhu zvakasvibirira, China yakazvipira kuderedza kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse uye kufambisa shanduko yeindasitiri yayo yekugadzira kubva pa "zvikuru-kusvika pa"mhando-pamusoro."
II. Chirongwa Chekuita: Mugwagwa Weshanduko yeGreen Manufacturing
(A) Tarisa Nzvimbo dzeChirongwa Chekuita
Maererano nemusangano wevatori venhau wakaitwa neBazi reMaindasitiri neRuzivo rweTekinoroji muna Gumiguru 2024, Chirongwa Chekuita chichatarisa kuvandudza nzira dzekugadzira girinhi nedzishoma{1}zvichitarisa pazvinhu zvitatu zvinotevera:
1. Kumhanyisa Kugadzirwa kweCarbon Footprint Accounting Standards yeZvigadzirwa zveMaindasitiri
Tichitarisa pazvinhu zvakakosha zvakadai sesimbi, electrolytic aluminium, lithium mabhatiri, uye mota nyowani dzesimba, kuedza kuchaitwa kukurumidza kugadzira batch yekabhoni footprint accounting zviyero. Izvi zvinotyaira mabhizinesi emaindasitiri kuderedza kuburitsa kabhoni mukati mehupenyu hwechigadzirwa uye kusimudzira shanduko nekuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri cheni nemaketani ekupa.
2. Kusimbisa Kuvakwa kweNew Integrated Solid Waste Utilization System
Pamabhatiri emagetsi akashandiswa, gadzirai uye gadzirai matanho ekugadzirisa mashandisirwo akazara, ongorora uye buritsa zviyero zveindasitiri kuti zvishandiswe zvizere, uye kukurumidzira kugadzwa kwehurongwa hutsva hwekudzokorodza. Kune akashandiswa photovoltaic modules nezvimwe zvinhu, simbisa kusati -tsvagurudzo uye gadziriro yegwaro rekushandiswa kwakadzama, uye kunyatsogadzirisa gadziriso yebasa rinouya.
3. Kushingairira Kushambadzira Kushandiswa Kwekuchenesa uye Yakaderera-Carbon Hydrogen muMaindasitiri Minda
Tichitarisa zvipingamupinyi zvinorambidza kushandiswa kwehidrojeni yakachena uye yakaderera{{0}kabhoni hydrogen, kuenderera mberi nekubatanidza mitemo nekuvandudza. Kurumidzai kushanda kwayo kukuru-mumaindasitiri akaita sesimbi, makemikoro, nepetrochemicals, uye uwane mabhindauko akawanda ekushandisa mumaindasitiri egirinhi mamicrogrid, kutakura ngarava, green aviation, nedzimwe nzvimbo.
(B) Zvinhu Zvikuru Zvinotaurwa NeChirongwa Chekuita
Kubatanidza Mafungiro Anotungamira eBazi reIndasitiri neRuzivo rweTekinoroji uye Mamwe Madhipatimendi manomwe eKumhanyisa Kusimudzirwa kweGreen Development kweIndasitiri Yekugadzira nemaitiro azvino emitemo, Chirongwa Chekuita chichatarisa pane zvinotevera:
1. Kusimbisa Green Technology Innovation uye Application
Kumhanyisa girinhi sainzi uye hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji uye kusimudzira tekinoroji yakasvibira ndiyo imwe yenzira dzakakosha dzeChirongwa Chekuita. Kuburikidza nekutsvagisa, kusimudzira, uye kushandisa tekinoroji nyowani dzakasvibira, shanduko yakakosha yekugadzira nzira dzekugadzira inogona kuwanikwa, kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba uye kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, nekuisa hwaro hwakasvibira hwemaindasitiri matsva. Mienzaniso inosanganisira kugadzira simba rinoshanda-simba rekuchengetedza, matekinoroji ekugadzira zvinhu zvinotenderedza zvakatipoteredza, uye kushandisa tekinoroji iyi zvakanyanya mumabhizinesi akasiyana siyana ekugadzira.
2. Kukurudzira Shanduko yeGreen of Traditional Industries
Maindasitiri echinyakare chikamu chakakosha chechikamu chekugadzira uye nzvimbo yakakosha uye inonetsa pakukura kwegirinhi nepasi{0}kabhoni. Hurongwa uhwu huchasimudzira mitemo yakaita seyakakura-yakagadziridzwa michina kuti ishandise michina yemhando yepamusoro nemagadzirirwo, kukurumidza kushanduka kwegirinhi nekusimudzira maindasitiri akakosha akaita sesimbi, makemikari, uye zvekuvakisa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kunyatsokwenenzvera midziyo yekugadzira uye nzira dzehunyanzvi mumaindasitiri echinyakare kuvandudza kushandiswa kwesimba, kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo, uye kuwana shanduko kubva kune yakakwirira-kushandisa simba nepamusoro-mamodheru etsvina kuenda kune yakaderera-kushandisa simba uye kushoma{7}kusvibisa.
3. Kutungamira iyo Green Development yeEmerging Industries
Kune maindasitiri ari kusimukira, Chirongwa chinosimbisa kusimudzira kwakasvibira kubva padanho rekutanga. Ichawedzera kushandiswa kwesimba rakachena mumaindasitiri ari kusimukira, kusimudzira zvigadzirwa zvakasvibira, uye kuwedzera zviwanikwa zvekudzokorodza zviwanikwa. Semuyenzaniso, muzvikamu zvakaita semotokari dzemagetsi matsva uye maindasitiri ephotovoltaic, kuedza hakuzongotarisa chete pakukura kwemaindasitiri asiwo nekubatanidza pfungwa dzekusimudzira girinhi kubva pakutanga, kutora kugadzirwa kwesimba rakachena, kuvandudza kugadzirwa kwemagetsi echigadzirwa, uye kumisikidza masisitimu ekudzoreredza zviwanikwa kuti awane kuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.
4. Kusimbisa Common Technology Research uye Standard Improvement
Unyanzvi hwemazuva ose hunomiririra chimwe chezvipingamupinyi zvakakosha pakugadzirwa kwegirinhi nepasi{0}kabhoni yeindasitiri yekugadzira.Kusimbisa tsvakiridzo pamichina yakajairika inogona kupa rutsigiro rwakasimba rwehunyanzvi mukusimudzira indasitiri. Zvichakadaro, kuvandudza mwero munzvimbo dzakakosha kuchabatsira kudzora maitiro ekugadzira bhizinesi uye kuve nechokwadi chemhando nekubudirira kwegirinhi uye yakaderera{3}kabhoni kuvandudzwa. Mienzaniso inosanganisira kugadzira yakabatana chigadzirwa kabhoni emission zviyero uye yakasvibira yekugadzira maitiro zviyero kutungamira mabhizinesi mukugadzira uye kutonga zvinoenderana neaya mazinga.
5. Kugadzirisa Mitemo uye Kuvandudza Mashandiro Ebasa
Nekugadzirisa mitemo inodiwa, mamiriro emitemo anofadza achagadzirwa kuitira kugadzirwa kwegirinhi nepasi{0}kabhoni yeindasitiri yekugadzira. Matanho anogona kusanganisira rubatsiro rwemari, kurudziro yemutero, rutsigiro rwemari, uye mamwe marongero ekukurudzira mabhizinesi kushingairira shanduko yegirinhi uye hunyanzvi. Kuvandudza kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira uye masisitimu esevhisi-kusanganisira kutanga masisitimu ezvekuwanikwa kwegirinhi, kugadzira mabasa egirinhi ezvemari, nekupa mazano ehunyanzvi hwegreen uye masevhisi ekupa zvitupa{4}}kuchatsigira nekubatsira makambani mukuwana shanduko nekusimudzira, kusimudzira kugona kwavo uye mwero mukukura kwegirinhi nepasi{5}kabhoni.
III. Zviito zveCorporate: Pamwechete "Kugadzira" Ramangwana rakasvibira
Kuitwa kweManufacturing Industry Green and Low-Carbon Development Action Plan (2025-2027) kuchaunza kure-kukanganisa kuindasitiri yekugadzira yeChina. Kuburikidza neshanduko yakadzama yegirinhi yemaindasitiri echinyakare uye nepamusoro-kutanga-kusimukira kwegirinhi kwemaindasitiri achiri kusimukira, chikamu chekugadzira chichawana zvishoma nezvishoma{{7}chetani yakaderera{8}}shanduko yecarbon uye kuwedzera kukwikwidza kwayo kwegirinhi nepasi{10}kabhoni. Izvi hazvingobatsiri chete kuzadzisa kabhoni yepamusoro uye kusarerekera kabhoni zvibodzwa asi zvakare kufambisa indasitiri yekugadzira yeChina kusvika padanho idzva rekusimudzira kwemhando yepamusoro.
Mumakore matatu anotevera, maindasitiri ese nematunhu anofanirwa kunyatso nyatso kurongeka uye kuita mabasa akataurwa muChirongwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuzadzikiswa kwezvinangwa zvegirinhi uye zvakaderera-kabhoni. Kuburikidza ne-kuedza kwakasiyana-siyana mukuvandudza tekinoroji, kuvandudzwa kwakajairwa, uye kugadzirisa masisitimu, indasitiri yekugadzira yeChina ichaita zvakakosha mukushandurwa kwegirinhi pasi rose. Kugadzirwa kwegirinhi harisi remangwana reindasitiri yekugadzira chete asiwo ramangwana rehupfumi hweChina. Ngatitarisei pamwe chete iyi shanduko nyowani yemaindasitiri ine budiriro yakasvibira sehwaro hwayo, ichiunza hutsva hutsva nemikana kuindasitiri yekugadzira yeChina.
Link: https://www.miit.gov.cn/xwfb/szyw/art/2025/art_090cc959a67747ea86e35d7ee5d60a26.html? (Nhau kubva kuIndasitiri uye Ruzivo Tekinoroji yePeople's Republic of China, Chivabvu 23)
